羊口疮病毒安徽株116基因的生物信息学分析及原核表达

为了对羊口疮病毒（Orf virus, ORFV）安徽株116基因进行生物信息学分析及原核表达。以ORFVAH-F10株为模板PCR扩增116基因，使用生物信息学软件预测该基因编码蛋白的结构与功能。同时将扩增产物克隆至pET-32a（＋）原核表达载体，经BamH I及EcoR I双酶切鉴定后进行测序，构建pET-32a（＋）-116重组质粒。转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta（DE3）进行IPTG诱导，纯化蛋白后免疫BALB/c雌性小鼠制备多克隆抗体。测序结果显示，ORFV116基因全长561 bp，编码186个氨基酸。生物信息学分析结果显示：该蛋白分子量约为20.33 kDa，为不稳定亲水性蛋白；无信号肽、保守结构域及跨膜结构域；含有2个N糖基化位点和42个磷酸化位点；二级结构以无规则卷曲为主，分别为延伸链（5.91%）、α-螺旋（14.52%）与无规则卷曲（79.57%）；预测该蛋白含有20个可能的B细胞优势抗原表位与4个CTL细胞表位。SDS-PAGE及Western-blot结果显示，ORFV116蛋白大小约为51 kDa，主要以可溶形式表达且具有良好的反应原性。     

1株H1N1亚型猪流感病毒的全基因组特征及其对小鼠的致病性

旨在了解河南省猪流感病毒的流行情况及其遗传进化和基因组特征。2018年4月，从河南省某一出现疑似流感症状猪群中采集鼻拭子样品150份用于分离病毒，对分离病毒的全基因组进行序列测定和分析。同时感染6周龄BALB/c小鼠，研究其对小鼠的致病性。结果显示，获得1株H1N1亚型病毒[命名为A/swine/Henan/NY20/2018（H1N1）]。遗传进化表明，其HA和NA基因属于欧亚类禽H1N1分支，PB2、PB1、PA、NP和M基因属于2009甲型H1N1分支，NS基因属于经典H1N1分支。HA蛋白的裂解位点序列为PSIQSR↓GL，具有低致病性流感病毒的分子特征，在小鼠肺和鼻甲有效复制并能引起肺组织病理学变化。本研究分离到1株3源重排H1N1亚型病毒，对小鼠呈现一定致病力，提示应进一步加强对SIV的监测。     

番茄褪绿病毒(tomato chlorosis virus)的新寄主:水茄(Solanum torvum Swartz)

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is a plant virus that is mainly propagated by Bemisia tabaci in a semi-persistent and non-circulative manner.It has a wide range of host plants,and has been reported in many countries,causing serious economic losses in vegetable production.In 2019,we investigated about 10 fields,one ha each in Shouguang,Shandong province (China),and in each field we observed symptoms of interveinal chlorosis on lower leaves of the Solanum torvum Swartz,and a large number of B.tabaci gathered on the back of its leaves.To determine the presence of ToCV,total RNA of S.torvum was extracted followed by RT-PCR.The 1 074 (GenBank accessions number MN545620) and 466 bp (GenBank accessions number MN545621) fragments were gel purified and sequenced.The sequences shared 99.44% and 99.57% similarity with ToCV reference sequence tomato chlorosis virus segment RNA1 (AY903447) and RNA2 (AY903448).The results of insect transmission test confirmed that ToCV can spread from S. torvum to tomato.This study confirms S.torvum as a newly reported host of ToCV.     

黄瓜花叶病毒浙江白术分离物全基因组序列测定与分析

正白术(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.)为菊科(Compositae)苍术属(Atractylodes)多年生草本植物,其根茎入药具补脾健胃、燥湿利水、止汗安胎等功效,在我国广泛栽培,并以于术(浙江临安于潜)品质最佳[1]。近年来白术生产由于品种单一,长期连作等因素导致病毒病害日趋严重。据报道,黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)~([2])、蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号(Broad bean wilt virus 2,     

纳米磁珠联合PCR检测甘蔗杆状病毒方法的建立和初步应用

本研究通过对DNA提取裂解液的成分和用量以及裂解时间等因素进行系统优化,建立了一种高通量的磁珠法提取甘蔗总DNA,再进行PCR检测甘蔗杆状病毒(SCBV)的方法。采用核酸自动提取仪,应用纳米磁珠提取甘蔗总DNA,经PCR检测甘蔗杆状病毒,并与以试剂盒提取DNA为模板的PCR检测结果进行比较。结果显示,经优化的裂解液成分为EDTA·Na20.08 mol/L、NaCl 0.8 mol/L、SDS 2%和Tris-HCl0.10 mol/L,裂解时间为20 min,可用于纳米磁珠提取甘蔗总DNA进行SCBV检测。所建立的方法通量高、成本低、耗时短,可用于SCBV的批量检测。     

Milk vetch dwarf virus infection in the Solanaceae and Caricaceae families in Southeast Asia

Milk vetch dwarf virus (MDV) is an important member of the genus Nanovirus and is transmitted by the aphid Aphis craccivora. MDV has multiple single-stranded DNA genome components, each approximately 1 kb, and two or three alpha-satellite molecules. It mainly infects plants of the legume family Fabaceae. Recently, papaya (Carica papaya) collected in Yesan, South Korea, displaying symptoms of leaf yellowing and dwarfism, was identified as a new host for MDV. To examine the geographical distribution of MDV, papaya samples with symptoms were harvested in South Korea, Vietnam, and Taiwan in August 2018, along with tomato and pepper samples grown in adjacent fields in Vietnam. The results revealed the presence of MDV not only in papaya but also in pepper and tomato. This MDV infection in members of the Solanaceae family was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization performed using a PCR product of segment S as a probe. Based on sequence analysis of three MDV components (M, S, and C3), we verified the presence of three different isolates of MDV in these three countries and homology between sequences of isolates from papaya and from members of the Solanaceae from Vietnam. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate MDV infection in Vietnam and Taiwan for the first time and confirm that MDV can infect economically important pepper and tomato.     

竹花叶病毒浙江麻竹分离物全基因组序列及siRNA分析

正已知有3种病毒可在自然条件下侵染竹类植物,即竹花叶病毒(bamboo mosaic virus,BaMV)~[1]、樱桃坏死锈斑驳病毒(cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus,CNRMV)和苹果茎沟病毒(apple stem grooving virus,ASGV)~[2,3]。其中,BaMV是最早在巴西的金竹(Bambusa vulgaris Cv.)和孝顺竹     

木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒编码蛋白的亚细胞定位分析

 木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leaf curl Multan virus,CLCuMV)是典型的单组分双生病毒,并伴随β卫星分子,是棉花曲叶病的主要病原之一。本研究利用农杆菌介导的瞬时表达系统,将CLCuMV及其卫星分子编码的7个病毒蛋白在本氏烟表皮细胞中表达。通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现:V1、C2和C3定位于细胞核;C1和βC1定位在细胞核以及细胞质或细胞膜上,并且在细胞质中形成丝状结构;V2和C4主要定位在细胞质或细胞膜上,细胞核也有微量表达,V2可形成大小不一的颗粒状聚集体结构,C4在细胞膜上可见点状聚集体结构。同时,利用RT-PCR和Western blot对病毒各基因的转录和表达水平进行了分析。CLCuMV编码蛋白的亚细胞定位为蛋白功能的进一步研究提供重要理论依据。     

The effectiveness of consistent roguing in managing banana bunchy top disease in smallholder production in Africa

The removal of infected individuals is a common practice in the management of plant disease outbreaks. It minimizes the contact between healthy individuals and inoculum sources by reducing the infectious window of contaminated individuals. This requires early detection and consistent removal at landscape scale. Roguing of mats with symptoms of banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) in Cavendish banana production systems has been tested in Australia, using trained personnel, but has never been tested in smallholder systems. We studied the effectiveness of long-term consistent roguing in prolonging the productivity of banana orchards under smallholder farming systems in highland banana and plantain dominated production systems in Africa. We assessed the possibility of low-risk seed sourcing from the managed plots. Roguing reduced BBTD incidence to 2% in managed farmer fields and to 10% in experimental field plots, while a nonmanaged field eventually collapsed in the same period. With roguing, new infections decreased monthly compared to an exponential increase in a nonmanaged field. The emergence of new infections in both managed and nonmanaged farms followed a seasonal cycle. BBTD managed plots were a source of low-risk seed for replacing the rogued mats in the same fields, but perhaps not safe for use in nonendemic areas. We conclude that it is possible for smallholder farmers to recover and maintain banana productivity with rigorous roguing, which would entail early identification of symptoms and early removal of diseased mats. Studies are needed on the intensity of roguing under different disease and production conditions.